The Impact of Upskilling and Reskilling of Government Employees on Modern Public Services Through Adaptability

Wahyu Maulana; Rani Nur Fitrianti; Nuzulul Qurnain

doi:10.32670/jim.v17i2.64

Authors

Wahyu Maulana Madura University
Rani Nur Fitrianti Universitas Madura
Nuzulul Qurnain Universitas Madura

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.32670/jim.v17i2.64

Keywords:

Digitalization, Upskilling, Reskilling, Service, Adaptation

Abstract

Digital transformation and changes in the public sector work environment require government officials to have adaptive, innovative and responsive competencies to meet the needs of the community. In modern public services, the quality of human resources is not only determined by formal qualifications, but also by upskilling and reskilling capabilities. This research is motivated by the persistence of competency gaps due to rapid technological developments and bureaucratic changes, which have the potential to reduce the effectiveness of public services. This study aims to analyze the effect of upskilling and reskilling on modern public services with adaptability as a mediating variable. The object of the study was the Regional Financial and Revenue Management Agency of Pamekasan Regency with a population of 113 employees and a sample of 88 respondents selected using probability sampling. The study used an associative quantitative approach through observation, interviews, and questionnaires. Data analysis was conducted using SEM-PLS through SmartPLS. The results showed that adaptability mediated the effect of reskilling on modern public services, but did not mediate the effect of upskilling. Directly, upskilling and adaptability had a positive and significant effect on modern public services, while reskilling had no significant effect. Furthermore, upskilling did not significantly impact adaptability while reskilling did. This finding suggests that improving the quality of modern public services requires strengthening employee reskilling and adaptability

References

Almahatma, V. L., Wardoyo, D. T. W., & Surjanti, J. (2025). The Influence of Organizational Change And Career Adaptability on Employee Performance Mediated By Job Satisfaction at The Regional Office of The Ministry of Human Rights of Central Java. JOURNAL OF MANAGEMENT Small and Medium Enterprises (SME’s), 18(3), 2–11.

Andhika, L. R. (2025). Public Service Management : An Emerging Research Trend. Borneo Administrator Journal, 21(1), 61–74. https://doi.org/10.24258/jba.v21i1.1581

Anjani, R., & Alwi, Z. R. (2025). Enhancing Civil Servant Performance Through Digital Literacy and Organizational Adaptability. Procuratio: Journal of Management and Business, 4(1), 56–65.

Arini, A., & Respatiningsih, H. (2024). Upskilling and Reskilling in Improving Competence of Competitive Human Resources in the Era of Digital Economy. Brilliant International Journal Of Management And Tourism (BIJMT), 4(1), 137–150. https://doi.org/10.55606/bijmt.v4i1.2738

Bancin, B. B., Sabrina, R., Khair, H., Tirtayasa, S., & Tanjung, H. (2023). Influence competence, transformas digital and update skills on employee performance. Economic Journal, 12(1), 551–559.

Bella, M. V. L. La, & Santoro, P. (2024). The Modernization of Public Administration: The Impact of Public Employment on Digital Innovation in Italy. International Journal of Public Administration, 47(3), 234–250. https://doi.org/10.1080/01900692.2024.2346784

Cahyani, D. R. (2026). The Effect of Change-Oriented Leadership and Employee Adaptability on Employee Performance, with Readiness for Change as a Mediating Variable : A Study at the Financial Education and Training Agency. Interdisciplinary Social Studies, 5(2), 909–920.

Ciancarini, P., Giancarlo, R., & Grimaudo, G. (2024). Digital Transformation In The Public Administrations: A Guided Tour For Computer Scientists. IEEE Access, 1(1), 99. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3363075

Davis, J. (2020). The Moderating Effect of Leadership Adaptability on the Relationship between Employee Adaptability and Job Performance. San Jose State University San Jose State University.

Farawowan, F. F. (2025). Upskilling and Reskilling : Adaptive Strategies For HR Management in Facing The Industrial Revolution 5 . 0. Journal of Management Economics and Accounting : OIKONOMIA, 2(4), 49–57. https://doi.org/10.61942/oikonomia.v2i4.406

Ghozali, I., & Latan, H. (2015). Partial Least Squares: Concepts, Techniques and Applications Using SmartPLS 3.0 Program. Badan Penerbit Undip.

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., & Anderson, R. E. (2019). Multivariate Data Analysis. Annabel Ainscow. Cengage, Andover. https://www.amazon.com/Multivariate-Data-Analysis-Joseph-Hair/dp/0138132631

Hasan, M., Haque, M. A., Nishat, S. S., & Hossain, M. M. (2024). Upskilling and Reskilling in a Rapidly Changing Job Market: Strategies for Organizations to Maintain Workforce Agility and Adaptability. European Journal of Business and Management Research, 9(6), 118–126. https://doi.org/10.24018/ejbmr.2024.9.6.2502

Herwanto, T. S., Rohmansyah, H., Daga, A. K., & Roflebabin, B. G. (2024). Civil Service Competence in the Digital Era: A Conceptual Framework. Kebijakan : Jurnal Ilmu Administrasi, 15(02), 201–209. https://doi.org/10.23969/kebijakan.v15i02.6582

Ingsih, K., Astuti, S. D., & Riyanto, F. (2024). The Role of Digital Competence in Improving Service Quality and Public Service Performance. South African Journal of Human Resource Management, 22, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.4102/sajhrm.v2 2i0.2689

Kasiami, S., & Wulandari, S. (2026). Improving Human Resource Capacity to Achieve Quality Public Services in the Education Sector. International Journal of Innovative Inventions in Social Science and Humanities, 3(1), 13–21. https://doi.org/10.58806/ijiissh.2026.v3i1n02

Kaur, H., & Kaur, R. (2021). Career adaptability and job outcomes: a moderated mediation model of proactivity and job content plateau in educational sector. Higher Education Skills and Work-Based Learning, 11(4), 929–945. https://doi.org/10.1108/HESWBL-07-2020-0150

Li, L. (2022). Reskilling and Upskilling the Future ‑ ready Workforce for Industry 4 . 0 and Beyond. Information Systems Frontiers. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10796-022-10308-y

Lopes, A. S., & Sargento, A. (2023). Training in Digital Skills — The Perspective of Workers in Public Sector. Sustainability Journal, 15(10577), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.3390/ su151310577

Masriadi, Marhati, Jumiati, Sahid, A., & Malik, S. (2025). Reskilling and Upskilling Strategies as the Key to Workforce Adaptation in the Era of Automation and AI. Perspektif Journal, 14(4), 700–708. https://doi.org/10.31289/perspektif.v14i4.15910

OECD. (2023). OECD SME and Entrepreneurship Outlook 2023. https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/oecd-sme-and-entrepreneurship-outlook-2023_342b8564-en.html

Patel, T. (2023). Employee Training and Upskilling for Digital Roles for a SME Company in IT Sector (Issue December). Metropolia University of Applied Sciences.

Pelgrim, E., Hissink, E., Bus, L., & Schaaf, M. Van Der. (2022). Professionals’ adaptive expertise and adaptive performance in educational and workplace settings : an overview of reviews. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 27, 1245–1263. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-022-10190-y

Peppler, K., Huang, J., Richey, M. C., Ginda, M., Börner, K., & Hart, A. J. (2020). Key principles for workforce upskilling via online learning: a learning analytics study of a professional course in additive manufacturing. Computer Science > Human-Computer Interaction. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2008.06610

Pramudito, D., Suharnomo, & Mahfudz. (2024). Agricultural and Resource Economics : International Scientific E-Journal Agricultural and Resource Economics : International Scientific E-Journal. Agricultural and Resource Economics: International Scientific E-Journal, 10(2), 242–270.

Pulakos, E. D., Arad, S., Donovan, M. A., & Plamondon, K. E. (2000). Adaptability in the workplace: development of a taxonomy of adaptive performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 85(4), 612–624. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.85.4.612

Putri, A. K., & Febriani, R. E. (2020). Labor in Southeast Asia. Convergence : The Journal of Economic Development, 2(2), 133–149.

Rahmayani, N. D., Hanifah, A. U., Hamiansyah, A. N., Rahman, M. F., & Salsabila, N. (2025). Analysis of the Effectiveness of Reskilling and Upskilling Programs in Addressing the Skills Gap in Indonesia. Jurnal Ilmu Ekonomi, Manajemen Dan Bisnis, 3(2), 59–69. https://doi.org/10.30787/jiembi.v3i2.2031

Saptarini, N. I., & Mustika, M. D. (2023). Workforce Agility And Adaptive Performance In Government Institution : The Mediating Role of Work. Journal of Management and Entrepreneurship, 25(1), 55–62. https://doi.org/10.9744/jmk.25.1.55-62

Silitonga, M. S. (2023). The Public Sector’s Digital Skills Gap in Indonesia: The Challenges and Opportunities. Jurnal Good Governance, 19(1), 70–79. https://doi.org/10.32834/gg.v19i1.585

Sugiyono. (2020). Quantitative, Qualitative, and RD Research Methods. Alfabeta.

Suri, D. M., Amri, P., & Hildawati. (2024). Leadership and Institutional Design in Public Service Digitalization. Jurnal Manajemen Pelayanan Publik, 8(2), 447. https://doi.org/10.24198/jmpp.v8i2.53807

Syahputra, N. K. (2023). Adaptive Policy Dalam Inovasi Pelayanan Publik : Studi Kasus Mal Pelayanan Publik Di Kota Yogyakarta. Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta.

Tan, R., & Antonio, F. (2022). New insights on employee adaptive performance during the COVID-19 pandemic : Empirical evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Entrepreneurship, Management and Innovation, 18(2), 175–206. https://doi.org/10.7341/20221826

Vrabie, C. (2022). Smart-optimism, Uncovering the Resilience of Romanian City Halls in Online Service Delivery. https://doi.org/DOI:10.48550/arXiv.2410.15189

Winarni, E., Mujannah, S., Halik, A., & Pardosi, P. (2024). Reskilling and Upskilling : HR Adaptation Strategies to Digital Transformation in the Traditional Sector. EKOMA : Jurnal Ekonomi, Manajemen, Akuntansi, 4(1), 2747–2756.